Sunday, 20 November 2011

THE INTRANET AND THE EXTRANET


Internet technology can be used to develop systems that are restricted to a company’s internal use. That is, such systems can only by accessed by the computers inside the company’s computer network. The purpose of such a system, known as an Intranet, is to enhance company operations through improved data access management.

More precisely, an Intranet is a corporate network based on Internet technologies that provides access to corporate internal data and supports the company’s internal operations. All the advantages of the Internets are replicated in an Intranet. Therefore, Intranets, using internal Webs, provide a platform for the development of new systems in a timely and cost-efficient manner. These new Web-based systems streamline company operations by facilitating the creation, collection, and distribution of information used for decision-making at all levels in the organization.


Like the Internet’s Web pages, the Intranet Web pages may be static or dynamic. And, like the Internet, the Intranet’s Web server and the Web client communicate through the HTTP protocol. In turn, HTTP uses the Internet standard TCP/IP network protocol to transfer data between client and server computers. In short, all the services provided by the Intranet system are integrated at the client's end under the browser. The end-user does not care or know about all the different applications running on the server side. Think of an Intranet as a locally owned and operated Internet whose access is carefully controlled.

Because Intranets are not meant to be used by the general public, they normally reside behind a corporate firewall. A firewall is a software component that limits and controls the data traffic into the company’s database or the data that are allowed to move outside the company’s boundaries. 

The Intranet’s business use may be extended through its latest variant, known as the Extranet. The Extranet extends the use of the Intranet to the corporation’s value chain. For example, a large retailer may use an Extranet to extend the internal product and ordering information to its suppliers and distributors, thereby helping to automate its supplier and distributor functions. In short, the existence of such an Extranet enhances the intra-business process workflow.



One of the very important advantages of Intranets is that they are relatively easy to setup and to implement at the technical level. However, once implemented, Intranet services tend to grow exponentially. This is especially true if we take in consideration that most Intranets tend to start as "departmentalized" services created as a way to rapidly react to end-user needs. In these systems, end-users are in charge of developing Web pages to add to the contents of the Intranet.

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